AIUTO, MIO FIGLIO NON MANGIA!

Dott.ssa Giorgia Bosco |
Marzo 17, 2020 |
6:38 pm |
259 comments

L’alimentazione dei bambini è oggetto di conversazione e spesso di profonda preoccupazione per molti genitori. In particolare, sono spesso le mamme a preoccuparsi della nutrizione dei loro figli, ponendosi mille dubbi su quanto e cosa abbia mangiato il loro bambino, associando spesso la quantità di cibo al loro stato di salute. Cosa c’è di più bello di un bimbo che mangia di tutto? Eppure non per tutti va così, per cui il cibo diventa strumento di potere e la tavola si trasforma in uno scenario di lotte, pianti e litigate. 
Una percentuale che varia tra il 14% e il 20% dei genitori di bimbi tra i 2 e i 5 anni di età descrive i propri bimbi come selettivi nei confronti del cibo. Con selettivi si intendono quei bambini che rifiutano di mangiare cibi sconosciuti e accettano di nutrirsi di una ristretta gamma di alimenti, tra cui spesso troviamo pane, patatine e biscotti. Nel caso in cui il genitore provi a proporre un’alternativa, il bambino tende a reagire con scene di ansia e disgusto, fino ai conati di vomito. I bambini con alimentazione selettiva tendono inoltre a distrarsi facilmente durante i pasti, mostrano scarso interesse nei confronti del cibo e raggiungono la sazietà molto velocemente. Questo fenomeno ha spesso un forte impatto nella vita del bambino e della sua famiglia, non solo per quanto riguarda la routine del nucleo familiare, ma anche per le difficoltà che si manifestano durante feste di compleanno, gite scolastiche, pasti in compagnia, ecc.
Quando un bambino inizia ad esprimere un rapporto difficile col cibo, la famiglia intera entra in crisi, in modo particolare la persona che si occupa più spesso della preparazione dei pasti. Il sedersi a tavola inizia a diventare un momento temuto, connotato da emozioni negative, che non aiutano nella risoluzione del problema. Si sviluppano ansie legate al fatto che il bambino non riceva un’alimentazione adeguata e che possa avere problemi nella crescita. Aumenta il senso di frustrazione e rabbia, legata ai continui rifiuti e di pari passo aumenta il senso di impotenza e il senso di colpa, collegato al pensiero di non saper cucinare o di non sapersi imporre abbastanza. 
Ma perché alcuni bambini rifiutano il cibo, accettando solo pochi alimenti? Sono solo “viziati” o hanno davvero un problema?
Per rispondere a questa domanda, come prima cosa è fondamentale rivolgersi all’aiuto del medico, in modo da escludere una condizione organica (celiachia, allergie, ecc.). Bisogna inoltre escludere la presenza di un disturbo del neurosviluppo, come per esempio l’autismo. Dopo aver smentito queste cause, è importante osservare il bambino attraverso due punti di vista diversi, uno più relazionale e uno più comportamentale. L’alimentazione selettiva potrebbe essere l’espressione di un disagio della sfera affettiva del bambino o di una difficoltà evolutiva, ed è importante comprendere il messaggio che ci vuole comunicare. Con un po’ di attenzione, i genitori possono capire se si tratti di un comportamento transitorio legato a una fase della vita del bambino come, per esempio, l’ingresso all’asilo nido, la nascita di un fratellino ecc.
Inoltre il momento del pasto è sempre inserito all’interno di una relazione, ed è importante evitare che il cibo si trasformi in uno strumento di potere del genitore. Si sconsiglia quindi di intimidire il bambino con frasi punitive come: “Se non finisci la pasta niente giochi” oppure ricatti emotivi del tipo: “La mamma piange se tu non mangi”, “Sei un bambino cattivo perché non mangi e fai arrabbiare mamma e papà”.
È utile invece provare a coinvolgere una terza persona, rendendo partecipi i padri o altre persone della famiglia, le quali possono introdurre modalità e dinamiche relazionali diverse. Questo accorgimento permette sia di sollevare le mamme dall’avere tutta la responsabilità dell’alimentazione del proprio figlio, ma anche di valorizzare il pasto come momento piacevole di socialità, in cui ci si siede tutti insieme e si rispettano le regole della tavola.
Un altro suggerimento che ci arriva dalle ricerche è di eliminare la pressione a mangiare, passando da affermazioni come “Assaggialo e se non ti piace non devi mangiarlo”, che però i bambini selettivi percepiscono come: “Se ti piace, lo devi mangiare” a una proposta come: “Assaggia questo pezzetto minuscolo e dimmi cosa ne pensi”.
L’ultimo consiglio dei ricercatori è di concentrare i propri sforzi sull’educazione alimentare più che sul mangiare; esplorare il cibo è più semplice quando non è connesso all’alimentazione e può stimolare la loro curiosità. Anche il cucinare insieme può essere utile; se l’obiettivo non è solo quello di far mangiare al bambino ciò che è stato preparato, può trasformarsi in un momento ludico, in cui il bambino prende maggiore confidenza con gli alimenti, soddisfa le esigenze affettive e si può creare un momento di serenità e divertimento legato al cibo.

Autore: Dott.ssa Giorgia Bosco

Category
AlimentazioneEtà evolutivaPsicologia
Tags
alimentazionebambinicibogenitoriregole

259 Responses

  1. Aiuto, il mio bambino non mi mangia! Quante volte le mamme si lamentano di piccoli che non vogliono saperne di abbandonare il latte, rifiutano la pappa o mangiano davvero troppo poco . Ecco cosa fare in questi casi. Leggi articolo

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